Android example source code file (Am.java)

This example Android source code file (Am.java) is included in the DevDaily.com "Java Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you "Learn Android by Example" ^TM.

Java - Android tags/keywords

activity, android, androidexception, app, application, bundle, componentname, content, error, extra_key, file, illegalargumentexception, instrumentationwatcher, intent, intentreceiver, io, os, profile, string, warning

The Am.java Android example source code

/*
**
** Copyright 2007, The Android Open Source Project
**
** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
** You may obtain a copy of the License at
**
**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
**
** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
** limitations under the License.
*/


package com.android.commands.am;

import android.app.ActivityManagerNative;
import android.app.IActivityManager;
import android.app.IInstrumentationWatcher;
import android.app.Instrumentation;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.IIntentReceiver;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.os.ServiceManager;
import android.util.AndroidException;
import android.view.IWindowManager;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

public class Am {

    private IActivityManager mAm;
    private String[] mArgs;
    private int mNextArg;
    private String mCurArgData;

    private boolean mDebugOption = false;
    private boolean mWaitOption = false;

    // These are magic strings understood by the Eclipse plugin.
    private static final String FATAL_ERROR_CODE = "Error type 1";
    private static final String NO_SYSTEM_ERROR_CODE = "Error type 2";
    private static final String NO_CLASS_ERROR_CODE = "Error type 3";

    /**
     * Command-line entry point.
     *
     * @param args The command-line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            (new Am()).run(args);
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            showUsage();
            System.err.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println(e.toString());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    private void run(String[] args) throws Exception {
        if (args.length < 1) {
            showUsage();
            return;
        }

        mAm = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();
        if (mAm == null) {
            System.err.println(NO_SYSTEM_ERROR_CODE);
            throw new AndroidException("Can't connect to activity manager; is the system running?");
        }

        mArgs = args;
        String op = args[0];
        mNextArg = 1;

        if (op.equals("start")) {
            runStart();
        } else if (op.equals("startservice")) {
            runStartService();
        } else if (op.equals("instrument")) {
            runInstrument();
        } else if (op.equals("broadcast")) {
            sendBroadcast();
        } else if (op.equals("profile")) {
            runProfile();
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown command: " + op);
        }
    }

    private Intent makeIntent() throws URISyntaxException {
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        boolean hasIntentInfo = false;

        mDebugOption = false;
        mWaitOption = false;
        Uri data = null;
        String type = null;

        String opt;
        while ((opt=nextOption()) != null) {
            if (opt.equals("-a")) {
                intent.setAction(nextArgRequired());
                hasIntentInfo = true;
            } else if (opt.equals("-d")) {
                data = Uri.parse(nextArgRequired());
                hasIntentInfo = true;
            } else if (opt.equals("-t")) {
                type = nextArgRequired();
                hasIntentInfo = true;
            } else if (opt.equals("-c")) {
                intent.addCategory(nextArgRequired());
                hasIntentInfo = true;
            } else if (opt.equals("-e") || opt.equals("--es")) {
                String key = nextArgRequired();
                String value = nextArgRequired();
                intent.putExtra(key, value);
                hasIntentInfo = true;
            } else if (opt.equals("--esn")) {
                String key = nextArgRequired();
                intent.putExtra(key, (String) null);
                hasIntentInfo = true;
            } else if (opt.equals("--ei")) {
                String key = nextArgRequired();
                String value = nextArgRequired();
                intent.putExtra(key, Integer.valueOf(value));
                hasIntentInfo = true;
            } else if (opt.equals("--ez")) {
                String key = nextArgRequired();
                String value = nextArgRequired();
                intent.putExtra(key, Boolean.valueOf(value));
                hasIntentInfo = true;
            } else if (opt.equals("-n")) {
                String str = nextArgRequired();
                ComponentName cn = ComponentName.unflattenFromString(str);
                if (cn == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad component name: " + str);
                intent.setComponent(cn);
                hasIntentInfo = true;
            } else if (opt.equals("-f")) {
                String str = nextArgRequired();
                intent.setFlags(Integer.decode(str).intValue());
            } else if (opt.equals("--grant-read-uri-permission")) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
            } else if (opt.equals("--grant-write-uri-permission")) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
            } else if (opt.equals("--debug-log-resolution")) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_DEBUG_LOG_RESOLUTION);
            } else if (opt.equals("--activity-brought-to-front")) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_BROUGHT_TO_FRONT);
            } else if (opt.equals("--activity-clear-top")) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
            } else if (opt.equals("--activity-clear-when-task-reset")) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_WHEN_TASK_RESET);
            } else if (opt.equals("--activity-exclude-from-recents")) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_EXCLUDE_FROM_RECENTS);
            } else if (opt.equals("--activity-launched-from-history")) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_LAUNCHED_FROM_HISTORY);
            } else if (opt.equals("--activity-multiple-task")) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK);
            } else if (opt.equals("--activity-no-animation")) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_ANIMATION);
            } else if (opt.equals("--activity-no-history")) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_HISTORY);
            } else if (opt.equals("--activity-no-user-action")) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_USER_ACTION);
            } else if (opt.equals("--activity-previous-is-top")) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_PREVIOUS_IS_TOP);
            } else if (opt.equals("--activity-reorder-to-front")) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_REORDER_TO_FRONT);
            } else if (opt.equals("--activity-reset-task-if-needed")) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_RESET_TASK_IF_NEEDED);
            } else if (opt.equals("--activity-single-top")) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP);
            } else if (opt.equals("--receiver-registered-only")) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY);
            } else if (opt.equals("--receiver-replace-pending")) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING);
            } else if (opt.equals("-D")) {
                mDebugOption = true;
            } else if (opt.equals("-W")) {
                mWaitOption = true;
            } else {
                System.err.println("Error: Unknown option: " + opt);
                showUsage();
                return null;
            }
        }
        intent.setDataAndType(data, type);

        String uri = nextArg();
        if (uri != null) {
            Intent oldIntent = intent;
            intent = Intent.parseUri(uri, 0);
            if (oldIntent.getAction() != null) {
                intent.setAction(oldIntent.getAction());
            }
            if (oldIntent.getData() != null || oldIntent.getType() != null) {
                intent.setDataAndType(oldIntent.getData(), oldIntent.getType());
            }
            Set cats = oldIntent.getCategories();
            if (cats != null) {
                Iterator it = cats.iterator();
                while (it.hasNext()) {
                    intent.addCategory((String)it.next());
                }
            }
            hasIntentInfo = true;
        }

        if (!hasIntentInfo) throw new IllegalArgumentException("No intent supplied");
        return intent;
    }

    private void runStartService() throws Exception {
        Intent intent = makeIntent();
        System.out.println("Starting service: " + intent);
        ComponentName cn = mAm.startService(null, intent, intent.getType());
        if (cn == null) {
            System.err.println("Error: Not found; no service started.");
        }
    }

    private void runStart() throws Exception {
        Intent intent = makeIntent();
        System.out.println("Starting: " + intent);
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        // XXX should do something to determine the MIME type.
        IActivityManager.WaitResult result = null;
        int res;
        if (mWaitOption) {
            result = mAm.startActivityAndWait(null, intent, intent.getType(),
                        null, 0, null, null, 0, false, mDebugOption);
            res = result.result;
        } else {
            res = mAm.startActivity(null, intent, intent.getType(),
                    null, 0, null, null, 0, false, mDebugOption);
        }
        PrintStream out = mWaitOption ? System.out : System.err;
        boolean launched = false;
        switch (res) {
            case IActivityManager.START_SUCCESS:
                launched = true;
                break;
            case IActivityManager.START_SWITCHES_CANCELED:
                launched = true;
                out.println(
                        "Warning: Activity not started because the "
                        + " current activity is being kept for the user.");
                break;
            case IActivityManager.START_DELIVERED_TO_TOP:
                launched = true;
                out.println(
                        "Warning: Activity not started, intent has "
                        + "been delivered to currently running "
                        + "top-most instance.");
                break;
            case IActivityManager.START_RETURN_INTENT_TO_CALLER:
                launched = true;
                out.println(
                        "Warning: Activity not started because intent "
                        + "should be handled by the caller");
                break;
            case IActivityManager.START_TASK_TO_FRONT:
                launched = true;
                out.println(
                        "Warning: Activity not started, its current "
                        + "task has been brought to the front");
                break;
            case IActivityManager.START_INTENT_NOT_RESOLVED:
                out.println(
                        "Error: Activity not started, unable to "
                        + "resolve " + intent.toString());
                break;
            case IActivityManager.START_CLASS_NOT_FOUND:
                out.println(NO_CLASS_ERROR_CODE);
                out.println("Error: Activity class " +
                        intent.getComponent().toShortString()
                        + " does not exist.");
                break;
            case IActivityManager.START_FORWARD_AND_REQUEST_CONFLICT:
                out.println(
                        "Error: Activity not started, you requested to "
                        + "both forward and receive its result");
                break;
            case IActivityManager.START_PERMISSION_DENIED:
                out.println(
                        "Error: Activity not started, you do not "
                        + "have permission to access it.");
                break;
            default:
                out.println(
                        "Error: Activity not started, unknown error code " + res);
                break;
        }
        if (mWaitOption && launched) {
            if (result == null) {
                result = new IActivityManager.WaitResult();
                result.who = intent.getComponent();
            }
            System.out.println("Status: " + (result.timeout ? "timeout" : "ok"));
            if (result.who != null) {
                System.out.println("Activity: " + result.who.flattenToShortString());
            }
            if (result.thisTime >= 0) {
                System.out.println("ThisTime: " + result.thisTime);
            }
            if (result.totalTime >= 0) {
                System.out.println("TotalTime: " + result.totalTime);
            }
            System.out.println("Complete");
        }
    }

    private void sendBroadcast() throws Exception {
        Intent intent = makeIntent();
        IntentReceiver receiver = new IntentReceiver();
        System.out.println("Broadcasting: " + intent);
        mAm.broadcastIntent(null, intent, null, receiver, 0, null, null, null, true, false);
        receiver.waitForFinish();
    }

    private void runInstrument() throws Exception {
        String profileFile = null;
        boolean wait = false;
        boolean rawMode = false;
        boolean no_window_animation = false;
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        String argKey = null, argValue = null;
        IWindowManager wm = IWindowManager.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("window"));

        String opt;
        while ((opt=nextOption()) != null) {
            if (opt.equals("-p")) {
                profileFile = nextArgRequired();
            } else if (opt.equals("-w")) {
                wait = true;
            } else if (opt.equals("-r")) {
                rawMode = true;
            } else if (opt.equals("-e")) {
                argKey = nextArgRequired();
                argValue = nextArgRequired();
                args.putString(argKey, argValue);
            } else if (opt.equals("--no_window_animation")) {
                no_window_animation = true;
            } else {
                System.err.println("Error: Unknown option: " + opt);
                showUsage();
                return;
            }
        }

        String cnArg = nextArgRequired();
        ComponentName cn = ComponentName.unflattenFromString(cnArg);
        if (cn == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad component name: " + cnArg);

        InstrumentationWatcher watcher = null;
        if (wait) {
            watcher = new InstrumentationWatcher();
            watcher.setRawOutput(rawMode);
        }
        float[] oldAnims = null;
        if (no_window_animation) {
            oldAnims = wm.getAnimationScales();
            wm.setAnimationScale(0, 0.0f);
            wm.setAnimationScale(1, 0.0f);
        }

        if (!mAm.startInstrumentation(cn, profileFile, 0, args, watcher)) {
            throw new AndroidException("INSTRUMENTATION_FAILED: " + cn.flattenToString());
        }

        if (watcher != null) {
            if (!watcher.waitForFinish()) {
                System.out.println("INSTRUMENTATION_ABORTED: System has crashed.");
            }
        }

        if (oldAnims != null) {
            wm.setAnimationScales(oldAnims);
        }
    }

    private void runProfile() throws Exception {
        String profileFile = null;
        boolean start = false;
        String process = nextArgRequired();
        ParcelFileDescriptor fd = null;

        String cmd = nextArgRequired();
        if ("start".equals(cmd)) {
            start = true;
            profileFile = nextArgRequired();
            try {
                fd = ParcelFileDescriptor.open(
                        new File(profileFile),
                        ParcelFileDescriptor.MODE_CREATE |
                        ParcelFileDescriptor.MODE_TRUNCATE |
                        ParcelFileDescriptor.MODE_READ_WRITE);
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                System.err.println("Error: Unable to open file: " + profileFile);
                return;
            }
        } else if (!"stop".equals(cmd)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Profile command " + cmd + " not valid");
        }

        if (!mAm.profileControl(process, start, profileFile, fd)) {
            throw new AndroidException("PROFILE FAILED on process " + process);
        }
    }

    private class IntentReceiver extends IIntentReceiver.Stub {
        private boolean mFinished = false;

        public synchronized void performReceive(
                Intent intent, int rc, String data, Bundle ext, boolean ord,
                boolean sticky) {
            String line = "Broadcast completed: result=" + rc;
            if (data != null) line = line + ", data=\"" + data + "\"";
            if (ext != null) line = line + ", extras: " + ext;
            System.out.println(line);
            mFinished = true;
            notifyAll();
        }

        public synchronized void waitForFinish() {
            try {
                while (!mFinished) wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new IllegalStateException(e);
            }
        }
    }

    private class InstrumentationWatcher extends IInstrumentationWatcher.Stub {
        private boolean mFinished = false;
        private boolean mRawMode = false;

        /**
         * Set or reset "raw mode".  In "raw mode", all bundles are dumped.  In "pretty mode",
         * if a bundle includes Instrumentation.REPORT_KEY_STREAMRESULT, just print that.
         * @param rawMode true for raw mode, false for pretty mode.
         */
        public void setRawOutput(boolean rawMode) {
            mRawMode = rawMode;
        }

        public void instrumentationStatus(ComponentName name, int resultCode, Bundle results) {
            synchronized (this) {
                // pretty printer mode?
                String pretty = null;
                if (!mRawMode && results != null) {
                    pretty = results.getString(Instrumentation.REPORT_KEY_STREAMRESULT);
                }
                if (pretty != null) {
                    System.out.print(pretty);
                } else {
                    if (results != null) {
                        for (String key : results.keySet()) {
                            System.out.println(
                                    "INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS: " + key + "=" + results.get(key));
                        }
                    }
                    System.out.println("INSTRUMENTATION_STATUS_CODE: " + resultCode);
                }
                notifyAll();
            }
        }

        public void instrumentationFinished(ComponentName name, int resultCode,
                Bundle results) {
            synchronized (this) {
                // pretty printer mode?
                String pretty = null;
                if (!mRawMode && results != null) {
                    pretty = results.getString(Instrumentation.REPORT_KEY_STREAMRESULT);
                }
                if (pretty != null) {
                    System.out.println(pretty);
                } else {
                    if (results != null) {
                        for (String key : results.keySet()) {
                            System.out.println(
                                    "INSTRUMENTATION_RESULT: " + key + "=" + results.get(key));
                        }
                    }
                    System.out.println("INSTRUMENTATION_CODE: " + resultCode);
                }
                mFinished = true;
                notifyAll();
            }
        }

        public boolean waitForFinish() {
            synchronized (this) {
                while (!mFinished) {
                    try {
                        if (!mAm.asBinder().pingBinder()) {
                            return false;
                        }
                        wait(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException(e);
                    }
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
    }

    private String nextOption() {
        if (mCurArgData != null) {
            String prev = mArgs[mNextArg - 1];
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("No argument expected after \"" + prev + "\"");
        }
        if (mNextArg >= mArgs.length) {
            return null;
        }
        String arg = mArgs[mNextArg];
        if (!arg.startsWith("-")) {
            return null;
        }
        mNextArg++;
        if (arg.equals("--")) {
            return null;
        }
        if (arg.length() > 1 && arg.charAt(1) != '-') {
            if (arg.length() > 2) {
                mCurArgData = arg.substring(2);
                return arg.substring(0, 2);
            } else {
                mCurArgData = null;
                return arg;
            }
        }
        mCurArgData = null;
        return arg;
    }

    private String nextArg() {
        if (mCurArgData != null) {
            String arg = mCurArgData;
            mCurArgData = null;
            return arg;
        } else if (mNextArg < mArgs.length) {
            return mArgs[mNextArg++];
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    private String nextArgRequired() {
        String arg = nextArg();
        if (arg == null) {
            String prev = mArgs[mNextArg - 1];
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Argument expected after \"" + prev + "\"");
        }
        return arg;
    }

    private static void showUsage() {
        System.err.println(
                "usage: am [subcommand] [options]\n" +
                "\n" +
                "    start an Activity: am start [-D] [-W] <INTENT>\n" +
                "        -D: enable debugging\n" +
                "        -W: wait for launch to complete\n" +
                "\n" +
                "    start a Service: am startservice <INTENT>\n" +
                "\n" +
                "    send a broadcast Intent: am broadcast <INTENT>\n" +
                "\n" +
                "    start an Instrumentation: am instrument [flags] <COMPONENT>\n" +
                "        -r: print raw results (otherwise decode REPORT_KEY_STREAMRESULT)\n" +
                "        -e <NAME> : set argument  to \n" +
                "        -p <FILE>: write profiling data to \n" +
                "        -w: wait for instrumentation to finish before returning\n" +
                "\n" +
                "    start profiling: am profile <PROCESS> start \n" +
                "    stop profiling: am profile <PROCESS> stop\n" +
                "\n" +
                "    <INTENT> specifications include these flags:\n" +
                "        [-a <ACTION>] [-d ] [-t ]\n" +
                "        [-c <CATEGORY> [-c ] ...]\n" +
                "        [-e|--es <EXTRA_KEY>  ...]\n" +
                "        [--esn <EXTRA_KEY> ...]\n" +
                "        [--ez <EXTRA_KEY>  ...]\n" +
                "        [-e|--ei <EXTRA_KEY>  ...]\n" +
                "        [-n <COMPONENT>] [-f ]\n" +
                "        [--grant-read-uri-permission] [--grant-write-uri-permission]\n" +
                "        [--debug-log-resolution]\n" +
                "        [--activity-brought-to-front] [--activity-clear-top]\n" +
                "        [--activity-clear-when-task-reset] [--activity-exclude-from-recents]\n" +
                "        [--activity-launched-from-history] [--activity-multiple-task]\n" +
                "        [--activity-no-animation] [--activity-no-history]\n" +
                "        [--activity-no-user-action] [--activity-previous-is-top]\n" +
                "        [--activity-reorder-to-front] [--activity-reset-task-if-needed]\n" +
                "        [--activity-single-top]\n" +
                "        [--receiver-registered-only] [--receiver-replace-pending]\n" +
                "        [<URI>]\n"
                );
    }
}